Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty (ESG) is a minimally invasive procedure aimed at treating obesity by reducing the size of the stomach, thereby limiting food intake and promoting weight loss. This innovative approach utilizes an endoscopic technique, which involves the insertion of a flexible tube with a camera and instruments through the mouth and into the stomach, eliminating the need for traditional surgical methods that require larger incisions. During the procedure, the physician employs suturing devices to create a sleeve-like structure within the stomach, effectively reducing its volume by approximately 70% and reshaping it into a tubular form. This smaller stomach capacity allows patients to feel fuller with less food, ultimately helping to create a calorie deficit necessary for weight loss. Unlike more invasive surgical options, ESG is designed to be reversible and does not involve permanent alteration of the gastrointestinal tract, making it a compelling choice for many patients struggling with obesity. The procedure is typically performed on an outpatient basis and lasts around 60 to 90 minutes, allowing for a quicker recovery time compared to traditional bariatric surgeries. Many patients can return to their normal activities within a few days, although they may be advised to follow a specific diet and exercise regimen post-procedure to maximize weight loss outcomes and ensure long-term success. Research has indicated that ESG can lead to significant weight loss, with some studies reporting an average reduction of 15 to 20% of total body weight within the first year. Additionally, ESG has been associated with improvements in obesity-related comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and sleep apnea, thereby enhancing overall health and quality of life for many individuals. Potential risks and complications are generally lower than those associated with more invasive bariatric surgeries, although patients may experience side effects such as nausea, vomiting, and abdominal discomfort in the early stages of recovery. As with any medical procedure, thorough preoperative evaluations, including psychological assessments and discussions about potential outcomes, are crucial to ensure that patients are informed and prepared for the journey ahead. ESG represents a viable option for patients who may not qualify for or prefer to avoid more invasive surgical alternatives, providing a non-surgical pathway to achieve weight loss and improve metabolic health. With its focus on endoscopic techniques, ESG continues to evolve, and ongoing research aims to refine the procedure and better understand its long-term effects, underlining its growing significance in the field of obesity management and bariatric interventions. As healthcare professionals become more aware of the benefits associated with ESG, its role in comprehensive weight management programs is likely to expand, offering hope to individuals seeking effective solutions for obesity.
